Summery
bg : 実行中のプロセスをバックグラウンドで動作させる。 fg : 実行中のプロセスをフォアグラウンドで動作させる。Construction
$ bg %[job-id]
$ fg %[job-id]
Sample
# tailを実行
$ tail -f /var/log/apache2/access.log
# jobを確認
$ jobs
[1]+ 実行中 tail -f /var/log/apache2/access.log
# バックグラウンドに移動
$ bg %0
[1]- 実行中 tail -f /var/log/apache2/access.log
# フォアグラウンドに移動
$ fg %0
[1]+ 実行中 tail -f /var/log/apache2/access.log
Discription
NAME
builtin, !, %, ., :, @, [, {, }, alias, alloc, bg, bind, bindkey, break, breaksw, builtins, case, cd, chdir, command, complete, continue, default, dirs, do, done, echo,
echotc, elif, else, end, endif, endsw, esac, eval, exec, exit, export, false, fc, fg, filetest, fi, for, foreach, getopts, glob, goto, hash, hashstat, history, hup, if,
jobid, jobs, kill, limit, local, log, login, logout, ls-F, nice, nohup, notify, onintr, popd, printenv, printf, pushd, pwd, read, readonly, rehash, repeat, return,
sched, set, setenv, settc, setty, setvar, shift, source, stop, suspend, switch, telltc, test, then, time, times, trap, true, type, ulimit, umask, unalias, uncomplete,
unhash, unlimit, unset, unsetenv, until, wait, where, which, while – shell built-in commands
SYNOPSIS
See the built-in command description in the appropriate shell manual page.
DESCRIPTION
Shell builtin commands are commands that can be executed within the running shell's process. Note that, in the case of csh(1) builtin commands, the command is executed
in a subshell if it occurs as any component of a pipeline except the last.
If a command specified to the shell contains a slash ‘/’, the shell will not execute a builtin command, even if the last component of the specified command matches the
name of a builtin command. Thus, while specifying “echo” causes a builtin command to be executed under shells that support the echo builtin command, specifying
“/bin/echo” or “./echo” does not.
While some builtin commands may exist in more than one shell, their operation may be different under each shell which supports them. Below is a table which lists shell
builtin commands, the standard shells that support them and whether they exist as standalone utilities.
Only builtin commands for the csh(1) and sh(1) shells are listed here. Consult a shell's manual page for details on the operation of its builtin commands. Beware that
the sh(1) manual page, at least, calls some of these commands “built-in commands” and some of them “reserved words”. Users of other shells may need to consult an
info(1) page or other sources of documentation.
Commands marked “No**” under External do exist externally, but are implemented as scripts using a builtin command of the same name.
Command External csh(1) sh(1)
! No No Yes
% No Yes No
. No No Yes
: No Yes Yes
@ No Yes Yes
[ Yes No Yes
{ No No Yes
} No No Yes
alias No** Yes Yes
alloc No Yes No
bg No** Yes Yes
bind No No Yes
bindkey No Yes No
break No Yes Yes
breaksw No Yes No
builtin No No Yes
builtins No Yes No
case No Yes Yes
cd No** Yes Yes
chdir No Yes Yes
command No** No Yes
complete No Yes No
continue No Yes Yes
default No Yes No
dirs No Yes No
do No No Yes
done No No Yes
echo Yes Yes Yes
echotc No Yes No
elif No No Yes
else No Yes Yes
end No Yes No
endif No Yes No
endsw No Yes No
esac No No Yes
eval No Yes Yes
exec No Yes Yes
exit No Yes Yes
export No No Yes
false Yes No Yes
fc No** No Yes
fg No** Yes Yes
filetest No Yes No
fi No No Yes
for No No Yes
foreach No Yes No
getopts No** No Yes
glob No Yes No
goto No Yes No
hash No** No Yes
hashstat No Yes No
history No Yes No
hup No Yes No
if No Yes Yes
jobid No No Yes
jobs No** Yes Yes
kill Yes Yes Yes
limit No Yes No
local No No Yes
log No Yes No
login Yes Yes No
logout No Yes No
ls-F No Yes No
nice Yes Yes No
nohup Yes Yes No
notify No Yes No
onintr No Yes No
popd No Yes No
printenv Yes Yes No
printf Yes No Yes
pushd No Yes No
pwd Yes No Yes
read No** No Yes
readonly No No Yes
rehash No Yes No
repeat No Yes No
return No No Yes
sched No Yes No
set No Yes Yes
setenv No Yes No
settc No Yes No
setty No Yes No
setvar No No Yes
shift No Yes Yes
source No Yes No
stop No Yes No
suspend No Yes No
switch No Yes No
telltc No Yes No
test Yes No Yes
then No No Yes
time Yes Yes No
times No No Yes
trap No No Yes
true Yes No Yes
type No** No Yes
ulimit No** No Yes
umask No** Yes Yes
unalias No** Yes Yes
uncomplete No Yes No
unhash No Yes No
unlimit No Yes No
unset No Yes Yes
unsetenv No Yes No
until No No Yes
wait No** Yes Yes
where No Yes No
which Yes Yes No
while No Yes Yes
SEE ALSO
csh(1), dash(1), echo(1), false(1), info(1), kill(1), login(1), nice(1), nohup(1), printenv(1), printf(1), pwd(1), sh(1), test(1), time(1), true(1), which(1), zsh(1)
HISTORY
The builtin manual page first appeared in FreeBSD 3.4.
AUTHORS
This manual page was written by Sheldon Hearn <sheldonh@FreeBSD.org>.
BUILTIN(1) General Commands Manual BUILTIN(1)
NNAAMMEE
bbuuiillttiinn, !!, %%, .., ::, @@, [[, {{, }}, aalliiaass, aalllloocc, bbgg, bbiinndd, bbiinnddkkeeyy, bbrreeaakk,
bbrreeaakkssww, bbuuiillttiinnss, ccaassee, ccdd, cchhddiirr, ccoommmmaanndd, ccoommpplleettee, ccoonnttiinnuuee, ddeeffaauulltt,
ddiirrss, ddoo, ddoonnee, eecchhoo, eecchhoottcc, eelliiff, eellssee, eenndd, eennddiiff, eennddssww, eessaacc, eevvaall,
eexxeecc, eexxiitt, eexxppoorrtt, ffaallssee, ffcc, ffgg, ffiilleetteesstt, ffii, ffoorr, ffoorreeaacchh, ggeettooppttss,
gglloobb, ggoottoo, hhaasshh, hhaasshhssttaatt, hhiissttoorryy, hhuupp, iiff, jjoobbiidd, jjoobbss, kkiillll, lliimmiitt,
llooccaall, lloogg, llooggiinn, llooggoouutt, llss--FF, nniiccee, nnoohhuupp, nnoottiiffyy, oonniinnttrr, ppooppdd,
pprriinntteennvv, pprriinnttff, ppuusshhdd, ppwwdd, rreeaadd, rreeaaddoonnllyy, rreehhaasshh, rreeppeeaatt, rreettuurrnn,
sscchheedd, sseett, sseetteennvv, sseettttcc, sseettttyy, sseettvvaarr, sshhiifftt, ssoouurrccee, ssttoopp, ssuussppeenndd,
sswwiittcchh, tteellllttcc, tteesstt, tthheenn, ttiimmee, ttiimmeess, ttrraapp, ttrruuee, ttyyppee, uulliimmiitt, uummaasskk,
uunnaalliiaass, uunnccoommpplleettee, uunnhhaasshh, uunnlliimmiitt, uunnsseett, uunnsseetteennvv, uunnttiill, wwaaiitt,
wwhheerree, wwhhiicchh, wwhhiillee – shell built-in commands
SSYYNNOOPPSSIISS
See the built-in command description in the appropriate shell manual
page.
DDEESSCCRRIIPPTTIIOONN
Shell builtin commands are commands that can be executed within the
running shell's process. Note that, in the case of csh(1) builtin
commands, the command is executed in a subshell if it occurs as any
component of a pipeline except the last.
If a command specified to the shell contains a slash ‘/’, the shell will
not execute a builtin command, even if the last component of the
specified command matches the name of a builtin command. Thus, while
specifying “echo” causes a builtin command to be executed under shells
that support the eecchhoo builtin command, specifying “/bin/echo” or “./echo”
does not.
While some builtin commands may exist in more than one shell, their
operation may be different under each shell which supports them. Below
is a table which lists shell builtin commands, the standard shells that
support them and whether they exist as standalone utilities.
Only builtin commands for the csh(1) and sh(1) shells are listed here.
Consult a shell's manual page for details on the operation of its builtin
commands. Beware that the sh(1) manual page, at least, calls some of
these commands “built-in commands” and some of them “reserved words”.
Users of other shells may need to consult an info(1) page or other
sources of documentation.
Commands marked “No**” under _E_x_t_e_r_n_a_l do exist externally, but are
implemented as scripts using a builtin command of the same name.
_C_o_m_m_a_n_d _E_x_t_e_r_n_a_l csh(1) sh(1)
!! No No Yes
%% No Yes No
.. No No Yes
:: No Yes Yes
@@ No Yes Yes
[[ Yes No Yes
{{ No No Yes
}} No No Yes
aalliiaass No** Yes Yes
aalllloocc No Yes No
bbgg No** Yes Yes
bbiinndd No No Yes
bbiinnddkkeeyy No Yes No
bbrreeaakk No Yes Yes
bbrreeaakkssww No Yes No
bbuuiillttiinn No No Yes
bbuuiillttiinnss No Yes No
ccaassee No Yes Yes
ccdd No** Yes Yes
cchhddiirr No Yes Yes
ccoommmmaanndd No** No Yes
ccoommpplleettee No Yes No
ccoonnttiinnuuee No Yes Yes
ddeeffaauulltt No Yes No
ddiirrss No Yes No
ddoo No No Yes
ddoonnee No No Yes
eecchhoo Yes Yes Yes
eecchhoottcc No Yes No
eelliiff No No Yes
eellssee No Yes Yes
eenndd No Yes No
eennddiiff No Yes No
eennddssww No Yes No
eessaacc No No Yes
eevvaall No Yes Yes
eexxeecc No Yes Yes
eexxiitt No Yes Yes
eexxppoorrtt No No Yes
ffaallssee Yes No Yes
ffcc No** No Yes
ffgg No** Yes Yes
ffiilleetteesstt No Yes No
ffii No No Yes
ffoorr No No Yes
ffoorreeaacchh No Yes No
ggeettooppttss No** No Yes
gglloobb No Yes No
ggoottoo No Yes No
hhaasshh No** No Yes
hhaasshhssttaatt No Yes No
hhiissttoorryy No Yes No
hhuupp No Yes No
iiff No Yes Yes
jjoobbiidd No No Yes
jjoobbss No** Yes Yes
kkiillll Yes Yes Yes
lliimmiitt No Yes No
llooccaall No No Yes
lloogg No Yes No
llooggiinn Yes Yes No
llooggoouutt No Yes No
llss--FF No Yes No
nniiccee Yes Yes No
nnoohhuupp Yes Yes No
nnoottiiffyy No Yes No
oonniinnttrr No Yes No
ppooppdd No Yes No
pprriinntteennvv Yes Yes No
pprriinnttff Yes No Yes
ppuusshhdd No Yes No
ppwwdd Yes No Yes
rreeaadd No** No Yes
rreeaaddoonnllyy No No Yes
rreehhaasshh No Yes No
rreeppeeaatt No Yes No
rreettuurrnn No No Yes
sscchheedd No Yes No
sseett No Yes Yes
sseetteennvv No Yes No
sseettttcc No Yes No
sseettttyy No Yes No
sseettvvaarr No No Yes
sshhiifftt No Yes Yes
ssoouurrccee No Yes No
ssttoopp No Yes No
ssuussppeenndd No Yes No
sswwiittcchh No Yes No
tteellllttcc No Yes No
tteesstt Yes No Yes
tthheenn No No Yes
ttiimmee Yes Yes No
ttiimmeess No No Yes
ttrraapp No No Yes
ttrruuee Yes No Yes
ttyyppee No** No Yes
uulliimmiitt No** No Yes
uummaasskk No** Yes Yes
uunnaalliiaass No** Yes Yes
uunnccoommpplleettee No Yes No
uunnhhaasshh No Yes No
uunnlliimmiitt No Yes No
uunnsseett No Yes Yes
uunnsseetteennvv No Yes No
uunnttiill No No Yes
wwaaiitt No** Yes Yes
wwhheerree No Yes No
wwhhiicchh Yes Yes No
wwhhiillee No Yes Yes
SSEEEE AALLSSOO
csh(1), dash(1), echo(1), false(1), info(1), kill(1), login(1), nice(1),
nohup(1), printenv(1), printf(1), pwd(1), sh(1), test(1), time(1),
true(1), which(1), zsh(1)
HHIISSTTOORRYY
The bbuuiillttiinn manual page first appeared in FreeBSD 3.4.
AAUUTTHHOORRSS
This manual page was written by Sheldon Hearn <_s_h_e_l_d_o_n_h_@_F_r_e_e_B_S_D_._o_r_g>.
macOS 13.1 December 21, 2010 macOS 13.1
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