Summery
現在のサーバー（システム）の情報を表示するConstruction
$ top
Option
d : [deray] 検査間隔を指定する
Sample
top
Processes: 287 total, 2 running, 4 stuck, 281 sleeping, 1334 threads 23:17:11
Load Avg: 1.91, 1.88, 1.90 CPU usage: 10.60% user, 7.71% sys, 81.68% idle
SharedLibs: 14M resident, 18M data, 0B linkedit.
MemRegions: 74247 total, 2515M resident, 69M private, 606M shared.
PhysMem: 6308M used (1182M wired), 1882M unused.
VM: 717G vsize, 1068M framework vsize, 2436335(64) swapins, 2587388(0) swapouts.
Networks: packets: 1134100/1013M in, 1066752/191M out. Disks: 539317/19G read, 540404/19G written.
PID COMMAND %CPU TIME #TH #WQ #PORT MEM PURG CMPRS PGRP PPID STATE BOOSTS
17399 top 3.1 00:00.36 1/1 0 19 2956K 0B 0B 17399 17255 running *0[1]
17396 top 0.0 00:00.28 1 0 17 2676K 0B 0B 17396 17255 sleeping *0[1]
17387 AddressBookS 0.0 00:00.05 2 0 44 2532K 0B 0B 17387 1 sleeping *1[1]
17367 com.apple.iC 0.0 00:00.09 2 0 45 2068K 0B 0B 17367 1 sleeping 0[10]
17366 syncdefaults 0.0 00:00.54 4 0 94 7048K 0B 0B 17366 1 sleeping 0[96]
17353 less 0.0 00:00.05 1 0 9 444K 0B 0B 17345 17351 sleeping *0[1]
17351 sh 0.0 00:00.00 1 0 7 220K 0B 0B 17345 17347 sleeping *0[1]
17347 sh 0.0 00:00.00 1 0 7 236K 0B 0B 17345 17346 sleeping *0[1]
17346 sh 0.0 00:00.00 1 0 9 436K 0B 0B 17345 17345 sleeping *0[1]
17345 man 0.0 00:00.00 1 0 14 536K 0B 0B 17345 17255 sleeping *0[1]
17330 Google Chrom 15.4 00:26.20 11 0 101 194M+ 4328K 0B 291 291 sleeping *0[28]
17304 Google Chrom 0.0 00:13.20 10 0 92 95M 1456K 0B 291 291 sleeping *0[27]
17266 less 0.0 00:00.04 1 0 9 472K 0B 0B 17258 17264 sleeping *0[1]
17264 sh 0.0 00:00.00 1 0 7 256K 0B 0B 17258 17260
Discription
NAME
top - display and update sorted information about processes
SYNOPSIS
top [-a | -d | -e | -c <mode>]
[-F | -f]
[-h]
[-i <interval>]
[-l <samples>]
[-ncols <columns>]
[-o <key>] [-O <skey>]
[-R | -r]
[-S]
[-s <delay>]
[-n <nprocs>]
[-stats <keys>]
[-pid <processid>]
[-user <username>]
[-U <username>]
[-u]
DESCRIPTION
The top program periodically displays a sorted list of system processes. The default sorting
key is pid, but other keys can be used instead. Various output options are available.
OPTIONS
Command line option specifications are processed from left to right. Options can be specified
more than once. If conflicting options are specified, later specifications override earlier
ones. This makes it viable to create a shell alias for top with preferred defaults specified,
then override those preferred defaults as desired on the command line.
-a Equivalent to -c a.
-c <mode>
Set event counting mode to <mode>. The supported modes are:
a Accumulative mode. Count events cumulatively, starting at the launch of top.
Calculate CPU usage and CPU time since the launch of top.
d Delta mode. Count events relative to the previous sample. Calculate CPU usage
since the previous sample. This mode by default disables the memory object map
reporting. The memory object map reporting may be re-enabled with the -r option
or the interactive r command.
e Absolute mode. Count events using absolute counters.
n Non-event mode (default). Calculate CPU usage since the previous sample.
-d Equivalent to -c d.
-e Equivalent to -c e.
-F Do not calculate statistics on shared libraries, also known as frameworks.
-f Calculate statistics on shared libraries, also known as frameworks (default).
-h Print command line usage information and exit.
-i <interval>
Update framework (-f) info every <interval> samples; see the PERFORMANCE vs. ACCURACY
section below for more details.
-l <samples>
Use logging mode and display <samples> samples, even if standard output is a terminal.
0 is treated as infinity. Rather than redisplaying, output is periodically printed in
raw form. Note that the first sample displayed will have an invalid %CPU displayed for
each process, as it is calculated using the delta between samples.
-ncols <columns>
Display <columns> when using logging mode. The default is infinite. The number must be
> 0 or an error will occur.
-n <nprocs>
Only display up to <nprocs> processes.
-O <skey>
Use <skey> as a secondary key when ordering the process display. See -o for key names
(pid is the default).
-o <key>
Order the process display by sorting on </key><key> in descending order. A + or - can be pre-
fixed to the key name to specify ascending or descending order, respectively. The sup-
ported keys are:
pid Process ID (default).
command
Command name.
cpu CPU usage.
cpu_me CPU time charged to me by other processes.
cpu_others
CPU time charged to other processes by me.
csw Number of context switches.
time Execution time.
threads
alias: th
Number of threads (total/running).
ports alias: prt
Number of Mach ports.
mregion
alias: mreg, reg
Number of memory regions.
mem Internal memory size.
rprvt Resident private address space size.
purg Purgeable memory size.
vsize Total memory size.
vprvt Private address space size.
kprvt Private kernel memory size.
kshrd Shared kernel memory size.
pgrp Process group id.
ppid Parent process id.
state alias: pstate
Process state.
uid User ID.
wq alias: #wq, workqueue
The workqueue total/running.
faults alias: fault
The number of page faults.
cow alias: cow_faults
The copy-on-write faults.
user alias: username Username.
msgsent
Total number of mach messages sent.
msgrecv
Total number of mach messages received.
sysbsd Total BSD syscalls.
sysmach
Total Mach syscalls.
pageins
Total pageins.
boosts The number of boosts held by the process. This is followed by the number of
times the process has transitioned from unboosted to boosted in brackets. An as-
terisk before the value indicates that the process was able to send boosts at
some point since the previous update. For more information about boosts, see
xpc_transaction_begin(3).
-R Do not traverse and report the memory object map for each process.
-r Traverse and report the memory object map for each process (default).
-S Display the global statistics for swap and purgeable memory.
-s <delay>
Set the delay between updates to <delay> seconds. The default delay between updates is
1 second.
-stats <keys>
Only display the comma separated statistics. See the -o flag for the valid <keys>.
-pid <processid>
Only display <processid> in top.
-user <user>
Only display processes owned by <user>.
-U <user>
This is an alias for -user.
-u This is an alias equivalent to: -o cpu -O time.
DISPLAY
The first several lines of the top display show various global state. All of the information
is labeled. Following is an alphabetical list of global state fields and their descriptions.
CPU Percentage of processor usage, broken into user, system, and idle components. The
time period for which these percentages are calculated depends on the event count-
ing mode.
Disks Number and total size of disk reads and writes.
LoadAvg Load average over 1, 5, and 15 minutes. The load average is the average number of
jobs in the run queue.
MemRegions Number and total size of memory regions, and total size of memory regions broken
into private (broken into non-library and library) and shared components.
Networks Number and total size of input and output network packets.
PhysMem Physical memory usage, broken into wired, active, inactive, used, and free compo-
nents.
Procs Total number of processes and number of processes in each process state.
SharedLibs Resident sizes of code and data segments, and link editor memory usage.
Threads Number of threads.
Time Time, in H:MM:SS format. When running in logging mode Time is in YYYY/MM/DD
HH:MM:SS format by default, but may be overridden with accumulative mode. When
running in accumulative event counting mode, the Time is in HH:MM:SS since the be-
ginning of the top process.
VirtMem Total virtual memory, virtual memory consumed by shared libraries, and number of
pageins and pageouts.
Swap Swap usage: total size of swap areas, amount of swap space in use and amount of
swap space available.
Purgeable Number of pages purged and number of pages currently purgeable.
Below the global state fields, a list of processes is displayed. The fields that are displayed
depend on the options that are set. The pid field displays the following for the architecture:
+ for 64-bit native architecture, or - for 32-bit native architecture, or * for a
non-native architecture.
INTERACTION
When top is run in interactive (non-logging) mode, it is possible to control the output
of top, as well as interactively send signals to processes. The interactive command
syntax is terse. Each command is one character, followed by 0 to 2 arguments. Commands
that take arguments prompt interactively for the arguments, and where applicable, the
default value is shown in square brackets. The default value can be selected by leaving
the input field blank and pressing enter. ^G escapes the interactive argument prompt,
and has the same effect as leaving the input field blank and pressing enter.
The following commands are supported:
? Display the help screen. Any character exits help screen mode. This command always
works, even in the middle of a command.
^L Redraw the screen.
c<mode>
Set output mode to <mode>. The supported modes are:
a Accumulative mode.
d Delta mode.
e Event mode.
n Non-event mode.
O<skey>
Use <skey> as a secondary key when ordering the process display. See the -o option for
key names.
o<key>
Order the process display by sorting on <key> in descending order. A + or - can be pre-
fixed to the key name to specify ascending or descending order, respectively. The sup-
ported keys and alises are listed with the -o option above.
q Quit.
r Toggle traversal and reporting of the memory object map for each process.
S<signal><pid>
Send <sig> to <pid>. <sig> can be specified either as a number or as a name (for exam-
ple, HUP). The default signal starts out as TERM. Each time a signal is successfully
sent, the default signal is updated to be that signal. <pid> is a process id.
s<delay>
Set the delay between updates to <delay> seconds.
U<user>
Only display processes owned by <user>. Either the username or uid number can be speci-
fied. To display all processes, press enter without entering a username or uid number.
PERFORMANCE vs. ACCURACY
Calculating detailed memory statistics is fundamentally resource-intensive. To reduce the cpu
usage in top, the -i parameter has been introduced to allow the user to tune this tradeoff.
With the default value of 10, framework stats will be updated once every 10 samples. Specify-
ing -i 1 will result in the most accurate display, at the expense of system resources.
N/A - Not Available
When this occurs in a stat it's caused by the memory object map reporting being disabled. Mem-
ory object map reporting is disabled by default in delta mode, but may be optionally enabled
via -r or the interactive r command. To enable the -r option use it after any -c mode options.
EXAMPLES
top -o cpu -O +rsize -s 5 -n 20
Sort the processes according to CPU usage (descending) and resident memory size (ascend-
ing), sample and update the display at 5 second intervals, and limit the display to 20
processes.
top -c d
Run top in delta mode.
top -stats pid,command,cpu,th,pstate,time
Display only the specified statistics, regardless of any growth of the terminal. If the
terminal is too small, only the statistics that fit will be displayed.
SEE ALSO
kill(2), vm_stat(1), signal(3), vmmap(1)
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