Summery
netstatの代替コマンド。
※UDP表示にバグがあるらしいので、TCPの参考値として使用ください。
Construction
$ ss [option]
Option
-a：LISTENなものもそうじゃないものも表示
-n：ポート番号のサービス名変換をしない
-t：TCPソケットを表示
-u：UDPソケットを表示
Sample
# サーバーが使っているポートの一覧を表示
$ ss -nat
# UDPの開放ポートを取得
$ ss -anu
# TCPの開放ポートを取得
$ ss -ant
Discription
NAME
ss - another utility to investigate sockets
SYNOPSIS
ss [options] [ FILTER ]
DESCRIPTION
ss is used to dump socket statistics. It allows showing information similar to netstat. It can
display more TCP and state informations than other tools.
OPTIONS
When no option is used ss displays a list of open non-listening TCP sockets that have established
connection.
-h, --help
Show summary of options.
-V, --version
Output version information.
-n, --numeric
Do not try to resolve service names.
-r, --resolve
Try to resolve numeric address/ports.
-a, --all
Display both listening and non-listening (for TCP this means established connections)
sockets.
-l, --listening
Display only listening sockets (these are omitted by default).
-o, --options
Show timer information.
-e, --extended
Show detailed socket information
-m, --memory
Show socket memory usage.
-p, --processes
Show process using socket.
-i, --info
Show internal TCP information.
-s, --summary
Print summary statistics. This option does not parse socket lists obtaining summary from
various sources. It is useful when amount of sockets is so huge that parsing /proc/net/tcp
is painful.
-Z, --context
As the -p option but also shows process security context.
For netlink(7) sockets the initiating process context is displayed as follows:
1. If valid pid show the process context.
2. If destination is kernel (pid = 0) show kernel initial context.
3. If a unique identifier has been allocated by the kernel or netlink user, show
context as "unavailable". This will generally indicate that a process has more
than one netlink socket active.
-z, --contexts
As the -Z option but also shows the socket context. The socket context is taken from the
associated inode and is not the actual socket context held by the kernel. Sockets are typ‐
ically labeled with the context of the creating process, however the context shown will
reflect any policy role, type and/or range transition rules applied, and is therefore a
useful reference.
-b, --bpf
Show socket BPF filters (only administrators are allowed to get these information).
-4, --ipv4
Display only IP version 4 sockets (alias for -f inet).
-6, --ipv6
Display only IP version 6 sockets (alias for -f inet6).
-0, --packet
Display PACKET sockets (alias for -f link).
-t, --tcp
Display TCP sockets.
-u, --udp
Display UDP sockets.
-d, --dccp
Display DCCP sockets.
-w, --raw
Display RAW sockets.
-x, --unix
Display Unix domain sockets (alias for -f unix).
-f FAMILY, --family=FAMILY
Display sockets of type FAMILY. Currently the following families are supported: unix,
inet, inet6, link, netlink.
-A QUERY, --query=QUERY, --socket=QUERY
List of socket tables to dump, separated by commas. The following identifiers are under‐
stood: all, inet, tcp, udp, raw, unix, packet, netlink, unix_dgram, unix_stream, unix_seq‐
packet, packet_raw, packet_dgram.
-D FILE, --diag=FILE
Do not display anything, just dump raw information about TCP sockets to FILE after apply‐
ing filters. If FILE is - stdout is used.
-F FILE, --filter=FILE
Read filter information from FILE. Each line of FILE is interpreted like single command
line option. If FILE is - stdin is used.
FILTER := [ state TCP-STATE ] [ EXPRESSION ]
Please take a look at the official documentation (Debian package iproute-doc) for details
regarding filters.
USAGE EXAMPLES
ss -t -a
Display all TCP sockets.
ss -t -a -Z
Display all TCP sockets with process SELinux security contexts.
ss -u -a
Display all UDP sockets.
ss -o state established '( dport = :ssh or sport = :ssh )'
Display all established ssh connections.
ss -x src /tmp/.X11-unix/*
Find all local processes connected to X server.
ss -o state fin-wait-1 '( sport = :http or sport = :https )' dst 193.233.7/24
List all the tcp sockets in state FIN-WAIT-1 for our apache to network 193.233.7/24 and
look at their timers.
SEE ALSO
ip(8), /usr/share/doc/iproute-doc/ss.html (package iproutedoc)
AUTHOR
ss was written by Alexey Kuznetosv, <kuznet @ms2.inr.ac.ru>.
This manual page was written by Michael Prokop <mika @grml.org> for the Debian project (but may be
used by others).
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