Summery
ネットワークの調査を行うコマンド
netcatの略だそうだ。
Construction
$ nc [option] [host] [port]
Option
-l:リッスンモード
-u:UDPモードにて通信を行う
-n:名前解決を行わない
-s:ソースポートを指定
-z:スキャンのみを行い、データを送らない。
-w:タイムアウト値
-v:詳細表示
Sample
# 80-100ポートの接続可能ポートを探す
$ nc -z google.com 80-100
# http-getリクエスト
$ echo -en "GET / HTTP/1.1\n\n" | nc localhost 80
# ポートスキャン
$ nc -zv localhost 1-65535
# プロキシ
$ nc -l 8080 0<backpipe | nc localhost 80 1>backpip
# レスポンスコードのみ出力
$ echo -en "GET / HTTP/1.1\n\n" | nc noexist 80
参考：http://qiita.com/yasuhiroki/items/d470829ab2e30ee6203f
Discription
NAME
nc -- arbitrary TCP and UDP connections and listens
SYNOPSIS
nc [-46AcDCdhklnrtUuvz] [-b boundif] [-i interval] [-p source_port] [-s source_ip_address] [-w timeout]
[-X proxy_protocol] [-x proxy_address[:port]] [hostname] [port[s]]
DESCRIPTION
The nc (or netcat) utility is used for just about anything under the sun involving TCP or UDP. It can open TCP con-
nections, send UDP packets, listen on arbitrary TCP and UDP ports, do port scanning, and deal with both IPv4 and IPv6.
Unlike telnet(1), nc scripts nicely, and separates error messages onto standard error instead of sending them to stan-
dard output, as telnet(1) does with some.
Common uses include:
o simple TCP proxies
o shell-script based HTTP clients and servers
o network daemon testing
o a SOCKS or HTTP ProxyCommand for ssh(1)
o and much, much more
The options are as follows:
-4 Forces nc to use IPv4 addresses only.
-6 Forces nc to use IPv6 addresses only.
-A Set SO_RECV_ANYIF on socket.
-b boundif
Specifies the interface to bind the socket to.
-c Send CRLF as line-ending
-D Enable debugging on the socket.
-C Forces nc not to use cellular data context.
-d Do not attempt to read from stdin.
-h Prints out nc help.
-i interval
Specifies a delay time interval between lines of text sent and received. Also causes a delay time between
connections to multiple ports.
-G conntimeout
TCP connection timeout in seconds.
-H keepidle
Initial TCP keep alive timeout in seconds.
-I keepintvl
Interval for repeating TCP keep alive timeouts in seconds.
-J keepcnt
Number of times to repeat TCP keep alive packets.
-k Forces nc to stay listening for another connection after its current connection is completed. It is an error
to use this option without the -l option.
-l Used to specify that nc should listen for an incoming connection rather than initiate a connection to a remote
host. It is an error to use this option in conjunction with the -p, -s, or -z options. Additionally, any
timeouts specified with the -w option are ignored.
-L num_probes
Number of probes to send to the peer before declaring that the peer is not reachable and generating an adpa-
tive timeout read/write event.
-n Do not do any DNS or service lookups on any specified addresses, hostnames or ports.
-p source_port
Specifies the source port nc should use, subject to privilege restrictions and availability. It is an error
to use this option in conjunction with the -l option.
-r Specifies that source and/or destination ports should be chosen randomly instead of sequentially within a
range or in the order that the system assigns them.
-s source_ip_address
Specifies the IP of the interface which is used to send the packets. It is an error to use this option in
conjunction with the -l option.
-t Causes nc to send RFC 854 DON'T and WON'T responses to RFC 854 DO and WILL requests. This makes it possible
to use nc to script telnet sessions.
-U Specifies to use Unix Domain Sockets.
-u Use UDP instead of the default option of TCP.
-v Have nc give more verbose output.
-w timeout
If a connection and stdin are idle for more than timeout seconds, then the connection is silently closed. The
-w flag has no effect on the -l option, i.e. nc will listen forever for a connection, with or without the -w
flag. The default is no timeout.
-X proxy_version
Requests that nc should use the specified protocol when talking to the proxy server. Supported protocols are
``4'' (SOCKS v.4), ``5'' (SOCKS v.5) and ``connect'' (HTTPS proxy). If the protocol is not specified, SOCKS
version 5 is used.
-x proxy_address[:port]
Requests that nc should connect to hostname using a proxy at proxy_address and port. If port is not speci-
fied, the well-known port for the proxy protocol is used (1080 for SOCKS, 3128 for HTTPS).
-z Specifies that nc should just scan for listening daemons, without sending any data to them. It is an error to
use this option in conjunction with the -l option.
hostname can be a numerical IP address or a symbolic hostname (unless the -n option is given). In general, a hostname
must be specified, unless the -l option is given (in which case the local host is used).
port[s] can be single integers or ranges. Ranges are in the form nn-mm. In general, a destination port must be spec-
ified, unless the -U option is given (in which case a socket must be specified).
CLIENT/SERVER MODEL
It is quite simple to build a very basic client/server model using nc. On one console, start nc listening on a spe-
cific port for a connection. For example:
$ nc -l 1234
nc is now listening on port 1234 for a connection. On a second console (or a second machine), connect to the machine
and port being listened on:
$ nc 127.0.0.1 1234
There should now be a connection between the ports. Anything typed at the second console will be concatenated to the
first, and vice-versa. After the connection has been set up, nc does not really care which side is being used as a
`server' and which side is being used as a `client'. The connection may be terminated using an EOF (`^D').
DATA TRANSFER
The example in the previous section can be expanded to build a basic data transfer model. Any information input into
one end of the connection will be output to the other end, and input and output can be easily captured in order to
emulate file transfer.
Start by using nc to listen on a specific port, with output captured into a file:
$ nc -l 1234 > filename.out
Using a second machine, connect to the listening nc process, feeding it the file which is to be transferred:
$ nc host.example.com 1234 < filename.in
After the file has been transferred, the connection will close automatically.
TALKING TO SERVERS
It is sometimes useful to talk to servers ``by hand'' rather than through a user interface. It can aid in trou-
bleshooting, when it might be necessary to verify what data a server is sending in response to commands issued by the
client. For example, to retrieve the home page of a web site:
$ echo -n "GET / HTTP/1.0\r\n\r\n" | nc host.example.com 80
Note that this also displays the headers sent by the web server. They can be filtered, using a tool such as sed(1),
if necessary.
More complicated examples can be built up when the user knows the format of requests required by the server. As
another example, an email may be submitted to an SMTP server using:
$ nc localhost 25 << EOF
HELO host.example.com
MAIL FROM: <user@host.example.com>
RCPT TO: <user2 @host.example.com>
DATA
Body of email.
.
QUIT
EOF
PORT SCANNING
It may be useful to know which ports are open and running services on a target machine. The -z flag can be used to
tell nc to report open ports, rather than initiate a connection. For example:
$ nc -z host.example.com 20-30
Connection to host.example.com 22 port [tcp/ssh] succeeded!
Connection to host.example.com 25 port [tcp/smtp] succeeded!
The port range was specified to limit the search to ports 20 - 30.
Alternatively, it might be useful to know which server software is running, and which versions. This information is
often contained within the greeting banners. In order to retrieve these, it is necessary to first make a connection,
and then break the connection when the banner has been retrieved. This can be accomplished by specifying a small
timeout with the -w flag, or perhaps by issuing a "QUIT" command to the server:
$ echo "QUIT" | nc host.example.com 20-30
SSH-1.99-OpenSSH_3.6.1p2
Protocol mismatch.
220 host.example.com IMS SMTP Receiver Version 0.84 Ready
EXAMPLES
Open a TCP connection to port 42 of host.example.com, using port 31337 as the source port, with a timeout of 5 sec-
onds:
$ nc -p 31337 -w 5 host.example.com 42
Open a UDP connection to port 53 of host.example.com:
$ nc -u host.example.com 53
Open a TCP connection to port 42 of host.example.com using 10.1.2.3 as the IP for the local end of the connection:
$ nc -s 10.1.2.3 host.example.com 42
Create and listen on a Unix Domain Socket:
$ nc -lU /var/tmp/dsocket
Connect to port 42 of host.example.com via an HTTP proxy at 10.2.3.4, port 8080. This example could also be used by
ssh(1); see the ProxyCommand directive in ssh_config(5) for more information.
$ nc -x10.2.3.4:8080 -Xconnect host.example.com 42
SEE ALSO
cat(1), ssh(1)
AUTHORS
Original implementation by *Hobbit* <hobbit @avian.org>.
Rewritten with IPv6 support by Eric Jackson <ericj @monkey.org>.
CAVEATS
UDP port scans will always succeed (i.e. report the port as open), rendering the -uz combination of flags relatively
useless.
BSD June 25, 2001 BSD
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