Summery
Macの隠し設定でもある「defaultsコマンド」。
内容を理解して、簡単なモノは覚えて、便利に使ってしまおう。
ちなみに、サンプルがたくさん置いてあるページです。
OS Xのdefaultsターミナルコマンド入門(週刊アスキー)
使えるdefaultsを書き込め
Sample
iTunes
## iTunesの背景画像切り替え
# 黒色
$ defaults write com.apple.iTunes high-contrast-mode-enable -bool true
# 白色
$ defaults write com.apple.iTunes high-contrast-mode-enable -bool false
Dock関連
## Stackに「最近使ったアプリ」を追加する
$ defaults write com.apple.dock persistent-others -array-add '{ "tile-data" = { "list-type" = 1; }; "tile-type" = "recents-tile"; }'
$ killall Dock
## Stacks展開時にマウスオーバーでハイライト表示させる
$ defaults write com.apple.dock mouse-over-hilte-stack -bool yes
$ killall Dock
# 元に戻す
$ defaults delete com.apple.dock mouse-over-hilte-stack
$ killall Dock
## 3D表示から2D表示にする
$ defaults write com.apple.dock no-glass -bool yes
$ killall Dock
# 元に戻す
$ defaults delete com.apple.dock no-glass
$ killall Dock
## Dockの拡大時のサイズを超特大に
$ defaults write com.apple.dock largesize -int 512
$ killall Dock
# 元に戻す
$ defaults delete com.apple.dock largesize
killall Dock
## 空白を入れる
$ defaults write com.apple.dock persistent-apps -array-add '{"tile-type"="spacer-tile";}'
Finder関連
## Finderでカット(cmd+x)を可能にする
$ defaults write com.apple.finder AllowCutForItems -bool yes
$ killall Finder
# 元に戻す
$ defaults delete com.apple.finder AllowCutForItems
$ killall Finder
## SMB/CIFS、AFP、NFSおよびWebDAVサーバに.DS_Storeを作るのを抑止する
$ defaults write com.apple.desktopservices DSDontWriteNetworkStores true
## タイトルバーにフルパス表示
$ defaults write com.apple.finder _FXShowPosixPathInTitle -bool yes
$ killall Finder
# 元に戻す
$ defaults delete com.apple.finder _FXShowPosixPathInTitle
$ killall Finder
## 終了メニューを追加する
$ defaults write com.apple.finder QuitMenuItem -bool yes
$ killall Finder
# 元に戻す
$ defaults delete com.apple.finder QuitMenuItem
$ killall Finder
## デスクトップのアイコンを特大表示にする
$ defaults write com.apple.finder DesktopViewOptions -dict IconSize -int 256
$ killall Finder
# 元に戻す
$ defaults write com.apple.finder DesktopViewOptions -dict IconSize -int 120
$ killall Finder
## 隠しファイルを表示
$ defaults write com.apple.finder AppleShowAllFiles -bool yes
$ killall Finder
# 元に戻す
$ defaults delete com.apple.finder AppleShowAllFiles
$ killall Finder
Safari関連
## ユーザエージェント文字列を変更
$ defaults write com.apple.Safari CustomUserAgent "\"hoge hoge\""
# 元に戻す
$ defaults delete com.apple.Safari CustomUserAgent
## キャッシュを無効にする
$ defaults write com.apple.Safari WebKitPageCacheSizePreferenceKey -int 0
# 元に戻す
$ defaults delete com.apple.Safari WebKitPageCacheSizePreferenceKey
## Faviconを非表示にする
$ defaults write com.apple.Safari WebIconDatabaseEnabled -bool no
# 元に戻す
$ defaults delete com.apple.Safari WebIconDatabaseEnabled
Discription
DEFAULTS(1) BSD General Commands Manual DEFAULTS(1)
NAME
defaults -- access the Mac OS X user defaults system
SYNOPSIS
defaults [-currentHost | -host hostname] read [domain [key]]
defaults [-currentHost | -host hostname] read-type domain key
defaults [-currentHost | -host hostname] write domain { 'plist' | key 'value' }
defaults [-currentHost | -host hostname] rename domain old_key new_key
defaults [-currentHost | -host hostname] delete [domain [key]]
defaults [-currentHost | -host hostname] { domains | find word | help }
DESCRIPTION
Defaults allows users to read, write, and delete Mac OS X user defaults from a command-line
shell. Mac OS X applications and other programs use the defaults system to record user prefer-
ences and other information that must be maintained when the applications aren't running (such as
default font for new documents, or the position of an Info panel). Much of this information is
accessible through an application's Preferences panel, but some of it isn't, such as the position
of the Info panel. You can access this information with defaults
Note: Since applications do access the defaults system while they're running, you shouldn't mod-
ify the defaults of a running application. If you change a default in a domain that belongs to a
running application, the application won't see the change and might even overwrite the default.
User defaults belong to domains, which typically correspond to individual applications. Each
domain has a dictionary of keys and values representing its defaults; for example, "Default Font"
= "Helvetica". Keys are always strings, but values can be complex data structures comprising
arrays, dictionaries, strings, and binary data. These data structures are stored as XML Property
Lists.
Though all applications, system services, and other programs have their own domains, they also
share a domain named NSGlobalDomain. If a default isn't specified in the application's domain,
but is specified in NSGlobalDomain, then the application uses the value in that domain.
The commands are as follows:
read Prints all of the user's defaults, for every domain, to standard output.
read domain Prints all of the user's defaults for domain to standard output.
read domain key
Prints the value for the default of domain identified by key.
read-type domain key
Prints the plist type for the given domain identified by key.
write domain key 'value'
Writes value as the value for key in domain. value must be a property list, and
must be enclosed in single quotes. For example:
defaults write com.companyname.appname "Default Color" '(255, 0, 0)'
sets the value for Default Color to an array containing the strings 255, 0, 0 (the
red, green, and blue components). Note that the key is enclosed in quotation marks
because it contains a space.
write domain 'plist'
Overwrites the defaults information in domain with that given as plist. plist must
be a property list representation of a dictionary, and must be enclosed in single
quotes. For example:
defaults write com.companyname.appname '{ "Default Color" = (255, 0, 0);
"Default Font" = Helvetica; }';
erases any previous defaults for com.companyname.appname and writes the values for
the two names into the defaults system.
delete domain
Removes all default information for domain.
delete domain key
Removes the default named key from domain.
domains Prints the names of all domains in the user's defaults system.
find word Searches for word in the domain names, keys, and values of the user's defaults, and
prints out a list of matches.
help Prints a list of possible command formats.
OPTIONS
Specifying domains:
domain If no flag is specified, domain is a domain name of the form com.companyname.appname.
Example:
defaults read com.apple.TextEdit
-app application
The name of an application may be provided instead of a domain using the -app flag.
Example:
defaults read -app TextEdit
filepath Domains may also be specified as a path to an arbitrary plist file, with or without the
'.plist' extension. For example:
defaults read ~/Library/Containers/com.apple.TextEdit/Data/Library/Preferences/com.apple.TextEdit.plist
normally gives the same result as the two previous examples. In the following example:
defaults write ~/Desktop/TestFile foo bar
will write the key 'foo' with the value 'bar' into the plist file 'TestFile.plist' that
is on the user's desktop. If the file does not exist, it will be created. If it does
exist, the key-value pair will be added, overwriting the value of 'foo' if it already
existed.
WARNING: The defaults command will be changed in an upcoming major release to only
operate on preferences domains. General plist manipulation utilities will be folded
into a different command-line program.
-g | -globalDomain | NSGlobalDomain
Specify the global domain. '-g' and '-globalDomain' may be used as synonyms for
NSGlobalDomain.
Specifying value types for preference keys:
If no type flag is provided, defaults will assume the value is a string. For best
results, use one of the type flags, listed below.
-string Allows the user to specify a string as the value for the given preference key.
-data Allows the user to specify a bunch of raw data bytes as the value for the given pref-
erence key. The data must be provided in hexidecimal.
-int[eger] Allows the user to specify an integer as the value for the given preference key.
-float Allows the user to specify a floating point number as the value for the given prefer-
ence key.
-bool[ean] Allows the user to specify a boolean as the value for the given preference key.
Value must be TRUE, FALSE, YES, or NO.
-date Allows the user to specify a date as the value for the given preference key.
-array Allows the user to specify an array as the value for the given preference key:
defaults write somedomain preferenceKey -array element1 element2 element3
The specified array overwrites the value of the key if the key was present at the
time of the write. If the key was not present, it is created with the new value.
-array-add Allows the user to add new elements to the end of an array for a key which has an
array as its value. Usage is the same as -array above. If the key was not present, it
is created with the specified array as its value.
-dict Allows the user to add a dictionary to the defaults database for a domain. Keys and
values are specified in order:
defaults write somedomain preferenceKey -dict key1 value1 key2 value2
The specified dictionary overwrites the value of the key if the key was present at
the time of the write. If the key was not present, it is created with the new value.
-dict-add Allows the user to add new key/value pairs to a dictionary for a key which has a dic-
tionary as its value. Usage is the same as -dict above. If the key was not present,
it is created with the specified dictionary as its value.
Specifying a host for preferences:
Operations on the defaults database normally apply to any host the user may log in on, but may be
restricted to apply only to a specific host.
If no host is provided, preferences operations will apply to any host the user may log
in on.
-currentHost
Restricts preferences operations to the host the user is currently logged in on.
-host hostname
Restricts preferences operations to hostname.
BUGS
Defaults can be structured in very complex ways, making it difficult for the user to enter them
with this command.
HISTORY
First appeared in NeXTStep.
Mac OS X Nov 3, 2003 Mac OS X
